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Great Chishill is a village forming part of the civil parish of Great and Little Chishill in the south of the county of Cambridgeshire.〔(Page from Kelly's Directory ) showing that in 1882 the village was in Essex.〕 The church is in the Perpendicular style and is dedicated to Swithun. The West tower was entirely rebuilt in 1895, and a ringing floor added in 2000. The organ case is "pretty mid 18th century woodwork." 〔p395 "Cambridgeshire" in Nikolaus Pevsner's "Buildings of England" series ISBN 0 14 071010 8〕 The highest point of Cambridgeshire, at above sea level, is about east of the church.〔OS Explorer Map 209 Cambridge, Royston, Duxford and Linton. ISBN 0-319-46389-3〕 The highest point of Essex, Chrishall Common and the triple point of Cambridgeshire, Essex and Hertfordshire lie close to each other and about south of Great Chishill. ==History== Until 1895, Chishill was in Essex but then the boundary was changed and it became Cambridgeshire, however the church is still in the Diocese of Chelmsford. The ''Domesday Book'' of 1086 refers to Cishella which was held by Ulfeih, a freeman, and Little Cishella which was held by Sired, a freeman. William the Conqueror bestowed Cishella to Henry de Farers and Little Cishella to Count Eustace of Boulogne. Great Chishill was divided into five manors, the Manor of Cardens, alias Bassets Hall, the Manor of Belknaps, the Manor of Tewes alias Lisles, the Manor of Friers alias Chishall-Grange and the Manor of Chishall alias Over Chishall-Hall. A farmhouse, Hall Farm, still occupies this latter site, on the east side of the village. St. Swithun’s Church, a grade II * listed building situated on high ground at the crossroads, was founded in 1136 by Geffrey de Magnaville under the Monastery of (Saffron) Walden. The first recorded vicar was Anselm De Flempton, 14 May 1327. The church has collapsed and been re-built over the generations. In August 1892 the architect Alfred Powell cycled from Barrington to look at the collapsed tower. He recounted in a letter home, "The tower was all built of flints and had an iron band all round it which the vicar and churchwardens agreed in thinking very unslightly and so removed it!! with such consequences". The five bells were rung for the first time in 23 years on 12 September 1998 as the beginning of a village project to get them and the bell tower repaired in time to ring in the new millennium. Little Chishill has the Church of St. Nicholas, probably founded around the same time and also a grade II * listed building. Its first recorded vicar was John Martyn in 1333. On the 22 February 1789 a fire broke out in the vestry house of the Congregational Church in Barley Road and quickly spread throughout the village, destroying many houses and setting light to the tower of St. Swithun’s Church — but no lives were lost. The Congregational Church was first built in 1694 and rebuilt in 1894. The Chishill post mill stands to the west of the village on the road to Barley. The first authentic record of a mill here appears in 1592. The first recorded owners were the Cooke family and the first recorded miller was Joseph Rule in 1677. Cambridgeshire County Council acquired the mill in the 1960s, after William Pegram stopped working it in 1951. It is was preserved and open to the public, until the autumn of 2010, when the Council deemed the Windmill, surplus to requirements after the authority made budget-tightening rearrangements and closed it. However, in February 2012, the freehold of the mill was transferred to the Great Chishill Windmill Trust and plans are afoot to restore and re-open the mill. 〔http://www.greatchishillwindmill.com/-plans.html〕 In 1886 (Kelly’s directory of Essex) the village had bakers, butchers, wheelwrights, bricklayers, dressmakers, six farms in Gt. Chishill and one in Little Chishill, with their attendant labourers, two public houses — the White Horse and The Plough (now The Pheasant) — a shop and post office and the village school for a hundred children. All that has now gone — the shop closed in the late 1970s and the school on 2 April 1971. Great Chishill now has only St. Swithun’s Church, the United Reformed Church, The Pheasant, a playing field and sports pavilion, and a village hall built in 1982. However, two farms are still being worked in Great Chishill and one in Little Chishill. The 1991 Census for Great and Little Chishill parish recorded 237 dwellings and a population of 634. The village's main claim to fame is an entry in the ''Guinness Book of Records'' when on 10 September 1983 Ben Palmer, a local farmer, and Owen North, the local baker, produced loaves of bread from the wheat in the field in 40 minutes 44 seconds. The British Singer-Songwriter Sam Smith (singer) grew up in Great Chishill, and worked at the local shop in Barley. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Great Chishill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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